PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
- 0-6 infancy: age of transformation
- 0-3 child absorbs environment
- home environment and family most important
- needs: love, security, routine, order, movement, exploration, stimulation
- 3-6 age of activity, experience
- child absorbs social group
- needs: school environment, purposive activity, positive social experience, order contribution to environment and group
- 0-3 child absorbs environment
- 6-12 childhood: age of abstraction
- stability, robustness
- needs: peer group, organized social groups (ie. Scouts), adult sounding board for right/wrong/injustice, cosmic education
- 12-15 adolescence: age of adjustment
- sensitivity, irregular growth, caught in-between
- needs: encouragement, religious study, humanities, physical activity to gain coordination
- 15-18 maturity: age of developing stability
- experiences and influences last, abstract love for others, responsibility
- needs: job/money, parents as guides, friends
TENDENCIES
Universal principals which guide development. Consider and encourage:
- gregariousness
- work
- independence
- repetition
- exploration
- exaction
- curiosity
- calculation
- orientation
- concentration
- order
- movement
- communication
- self-control
- abstraction
- perfection
- creative imagination
THE ABSORBENT MIND
- 0-6 child ABSORBS ALL
- Child’s mind acts like a sponge, integrating everything accurately, non judgementally, uncritically, effortlessly.
- 0-3 absorbent mind functions unconsciously. 3-6 function consciously. Child takes in the environment through the senses, movement and exploration, and ADAPTS.
SENSITIVE PERIODS
Transitory periods during which the child acquires a certain characteristic. Child’s attention is drawn irresistably to certain elements. Once the characteristic is acquired the sensitivity disappears.
- LANGUAGE: Pre-natal to 6 1/2+ years. Needs: clear articulation, proper use of language, creative use of language, show/teach love of reading/communication.
- ORDER: 1 – 4+ years. Needs: routine at home (stay flexible!), order in home environment.
- SENSORY REFINEMENT: 0 – 6+ years. Senses are gateways to perception. Child learns classification thru matching, grading, categorization. Needs: sensory exploration. Play with color, shape, texture, sound, taste, smell. Give language after experience.
- SMALL THINGS: 2 – 3+ years. Child fills in his BIG PICTURE with the details. Needs: Explore the tiny things in the world. The insects in the grass, designs on a tree trunk, patterns in a leaf, blossoms. Small details in a picture, shades in color, design in fabrics, little
toys and objects around the house, go on a tiny treasure hunt on a shelf. - SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: 2 1/2 – 6+ years.
Child explores, absorbs the group and social behavior. Needs: modeled acceptable social behavior at home and in a positive school setting. Natural consequences for improper behavior, ie. removal from group nucleus if behavior is unacceptable. Calm, graceful, pleasant care.
Suggested reading:
- Montessori: A Modern Approach, by Paula Polk Lillard
- The Absorbent Mind – The Discovery of the Child, by Maria Montessori